This unit was about the cell, the organelles inside, how they came to be, and the processes that occur in it. Macromolecules make up many parts of the cell in structural support, reactions, and transport. The cell theory states that cells are the basic unit of living organisms, cells come from pre-existing cells, and all organisms are made of one or more cells. cells make up tissues, organs, organ systems, organisms. Membranes are usually made of a phospholipid bilayer and can either be a barrier, container, or a bouncer. This includes the nuclear lysosomes, er, etc. Membranes are selectively permeable so some things go through, but not everything. Transport is either passive (diffusion) or active (using ATP). Osmosis is diffusion by water through a selectively permeable membrane. The solutions can be hypertonic, hypotonic, and isotonic. Turgor pressure is the pressure between the cell wall and the membrane when the cell swells. The main job of a cell is to make proteins. This starts with the blueprints in the DNA and then goes through the ribosomes, the er, vesicles, and elsewhere. Cells can be eukaryotic or prokaryotic. They all have nucleic materials. Some of the other organelles are the cytoskeleton, centrioles, lysosomes, vacuole, mitochondria. The endosymbiotic theory states that ancient cells ate other cells with capabilities to make their own food or convert glucose into ATP by phagocytosis, and came to an endosymbiotic relationship. That is how those cells are now. Photosynthesis occurs in the chloroplasts of autotrophs and has the light dependent reactions and the calvin cycle. Cellular respiration is the opposite of photosynthesis and goes through glycolysis, krebs cycle, and electron transport chain. 36 ATP is produced.
Animal Cell
The hard parts of this unit was mostly photosynthesis. Knowing what goes in and comes out of each reaction is hard to remember and understand the process. I learned most in the osmosis chapter when we did the egg diffusion lab. I never quite understood the practical applications there, but now I do. I also learned how mitochondria and chloroplasts used to be separate cells and the evidence for that. It helps me understand why there are DNA fragments in the mitochondria. I want to learn more about the endosymbiotic theory and diffusion because that was the most interesting part of the unit to me.
Animal Cell
The hard parts of this unit was mostly photosynthesis. Knowing what goes in and comes out of each reaction is hard to remember and understand the process. I learned most in the osmosis chapter when we did the egg diffusion lab. I never quite understood the practical applications there, but now I do. I also learned how mitochondria and chloroplasts used to be separate cells and the evidence for that. It helps me understand why there are DNA fragments in the mitochondria. I want to learn more about the endosymbiotic theory and diffusion because that was the most interesting part of the unit to me.
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